Annual ring
See Growth ring Artificial regeneration
Forest regeneration by sowing or planting, usually after final felling
B
Blue stain
Discolouration of wood or sawn timber caused by blue stain fungus
C
Cant
Log that has been roughly squared by either chipping or sawing. Ready for sawing
into timber Carbon cycle
After use and recycling wood-based products, such as paper, decompose releasing
carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. New forests remove carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere, and established forests retain the carbon dioxide Chips
Wood chips produced by a chipper; used to produce pulp, fibreboard and particleboard,
and also as fuel Clear cutting
A harvesting method where almost all trees within a certain area are cut. Afterwards,
this area is reforested by planting, sowing or through natural seeding from
seed
trees. (Also Final Felling) Cutting
Cutting down trees and sorting the stems by species Cutting site/area
Part of a marked stand of trees set aside for loggers or machines
D
Defoliation
Premature loss of leaves or needles due to airborne pollution or other factors
interfering with vital processes in trees. Used to refer to trees that have lost
over 20% of their leaves or needles
E
Ecosystem
The plants, animals and microbes that live in a defined zone; e.g. the forest
ecosystem
F
Forest tree breeding
A method of improving certain racial characteristics of forest trees Forwarder
Machine for carrying wood from the felling site to the transport route (usually
a road)
G
Growing stock
Volume of stemwood in a given area of forest, usually measured in solid cubic
metres (with bark) Growth ring
A tree increases in girth by one growth ring each year. Also known as annual ring
H
Hardwood
Wood from deciduous trees Harvester
A machine that fells, delimbs, cross-cuts and measures the logs Harvester measurement
Timber measurements made by the harvester's measuring device during felling Harvesting
Timber felling and haulage to roadside stockpiles Heartwood
Wood located in the centre of the trunk and often darker in colour than the surrounding
wood Hemicellulose
A carbohydrate component of the cell walls of wood
I - R
I
J
K
L
Logging residue
Crowns, branches and tops of trees, and other parts of the stem remaining in the
forest after felling Long-length log
Stem of a felled tree that has been delimbed but not cross-cut
M
Mechanical wood-processing industry
Industrial production of sawn timber, plywood, particleboard, fibreboard, wooden
house components and joinery products Mortality
Natural loss of trees through ageing, disease or other natural phenomena
N
Natural regeneration
Forest regeneration by seed trees or other standing trees (cf. artificial regeneration)
O
Outturn
Total volume of wood recovered from felling
P
Patch scarifying (scarification)
In forest regeneration, removal of top vegetation to expose mineral soil beneath
Pulpwood
Wood suitable for making into pulp; not usually good enough for sawmilling
R
Regeneration felling
Felling of old-generation trees to make way for natural or artificial regeneration.
Artificial regeneration is by either sowing or planting, while natural regeneration
results from seeding by trees on the same site Roundwood
Unprocessed industrial wood raw material
S - Z
S
Seed tree
Healthy tree suitably sited and left standing after final felling for natural
regeneration purposes; known also as mother tree Selective felling
Felling of selected trees, usually the largest trunks meeting specified dimensions
Single-grip harvester
A machine designed to fell, delimb, cross-cut and measure logs using a device
mounted in the log loader Softwood
Woods obtained from coniferous trees Soil preparation
Rendering the soil suitable for planting seedlings by scarifying, harrowing and
mounding Solid cubic metre
The volume of wood that displaces one cubic metre of water Stand
Area of forest on a particular type of soil and with a uniform tree species distribution
that is treated as a distinct entity Stem
Trunk of a tree after removal of branches and stump Succession
In a forest, a natural gradual development towards a stable state (climax)
T
Thinning
Selective felling designed to promote the growth of the remaining trees. Thinning normally provides merchantable wood Timber harvesting
Felling, delimbing and cross-cutting of trees in the forest followed by haulage
to the transport route, usually a road Timber procurement
See Wood procurement Total drain
Volume of stemwood removed from a growing forest during a given time either by
natural events or felling; sum of wood felled and natural mortality
U
V Virgin forest
Forest in its natural state, untouched by man
W
Wastewood
Residual crowns, small trees etc. left after felling Wood cellulose
A polymeric carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the wood cell wall
Wood Chips
Pieces of wood (approximately 1 inch square and 1/8 inch thick) resulting from
the cutting of pulpwood logs in chippers in the wood preparation area of a pulp
mill prior to conversion into pulp in the digester(s) Wood fibre
Wood cells; the main raw material for papermaking Wood procurement
Purchase, harvesting and transport of wood to the mill Wood production
The growing of wood in a forest together with related activities Wood-based energy
Energy obtained by burning wood. Part of the natural cycle in which carbon dioxide
is released and taken up again by new, growing trees via photosynthesis Woodroom
Part of a pulp mill where logs are debarked
