Annual ring
See Growth ring Artificial regeneration
Forest regeneration by sowing or planting, usually after final felling
B
Blue stain
Discolouration of wood or sawn timber caused by blue stain fungus
C
Cant
Log that has been roughly squared by either chipping or sawing. Ready for sawing
into timber Carbon cycle
After use and recycling wood-based products, such as paper, decompose releasing
carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. New forests remove carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere, and established forests retain the carbon dioxide Chips
Wood chips produced by a chipper; used to produce pulp, fibreboard and particleboard,
and also as fuel Clear cutting
A harvesting method where almost all trees within a certain area are cut. Afterwards,
this area is reforested by planting, sowing or through natural seeding from seed
trees. (Also Final Felling) Cutting
Cutting down trees and sorting the stems by species Cutting site/area
Part of a marked stand of trees set aside for loggers or machines
D
Defoliation
Premature loss of leaves or needles due to airborne pollution or other factors
interfering with vital processes in trees. Used to refer to trees that have lost
over 20% of their leaves or needles
E
Ecosystem
The plants, animals and microbes that live in a defined zone; e.g. the forest
ecosystem
F
Forest tree breeding
A method of improving certain racial characteristics of forest trees Forwarder
Machine for carrying wood from the felling site to the transport route (usually
a road)
G
Growing stock
Volume of stemwood in a given area of forest, usually measured in solid cubic
metres (with bark) Growth ring
A tree increases in girth by one growth ring each year. Also known as annual
ring
H
Hardwood
Wood from deciduous trees Harvester
A machine that fells, delimbs, cross-cuts and measures the logs Harvester measurement
Timber measurements made by the harvester's measuring device during felling Harvesting
Timber felling and haulage to roadside stockpiles Heartwood
Wood located in the centre of the trunk and often darker in colour than the surrounding
wood Hemicellulose
A carbohydrate component of the cell walls of wood
